I don't see any explicit "Wake on LAN" option in my BIOS (ASUS Rampage IV Extreme motherboard), but I'm 99% sure I have not changed anything since it worked, and I know I have not updated the BIOS.
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Edit: I got it to work again. I did a few things out of pure disgust for having such a hard time with it. I'm not totally sure which change made the difference.
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I totally disabled the Windows Firewall (not a problem since I'm behind a router, but I will re-enable it); I also disabled Win8 "fast startup" (under Control Panel > Power Options > "Choose what the power button does"), and disabled "Fast Boot" in my BIOS.
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The Win8 "fast startup" option is probably what the problem was. According to this article, "fast startup" puts the PC in S4 sleep, from which WOL is not supported.
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